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DARPA

La Agencia de Proyectos Avanzados de Investigación de Defensa (DARPA), es una agencia del Departamento de Defensa de EE.UU. responsable del desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías para uso militar.

La DARPA fue creada en 1958, en plena Guerra Fría. Su creación estuvo directamente atribuida al lanzamiento del primer satélite espacial de la URSS, el llamado 'Sputnik'. El evento resultó una gran sorpresa para EE.UU., de ahí que la misión principal de la DARPA haya sido evitar sorpresas de este tipo y adelantar a los demás en tecnologías con posible uso militar.

Presupuesto y personal

El presupuesto anual de la DARPA ronda unos 3.200 millones de dólares, mientras el número de sus empleados en la plantilla no supera los pocos cientos.

Sin embargo, esta pequeña organización ha podido impulsar y coordinar el desarrollo de proyectos tan importantes como, por ejemplo, aviones no tripulados, fusil de asalto M-16, óptica infrarroja, GPS y la 'joya de la corona': Internet (este último nacido como redes de ordenadores ARPANET y después desarrollado como Internet).

Evolución de proyectos

De 1976 a 1981 predominaron proyectos de tecnología aérea, terrestre, marítima y espacial tales como ataques con armas de control remoto, armamento táctico, detección infrarroja, vigilancia espacial, tecnología de láser de alta energía para defensa antimisiles espacial, guerra antisubmarina, misiles de crucero, aeronaves avanzadas, etc.

Con el paso del tiempo los proyectos de la DARPA han vuelto a adoptar un carácter más futurista, al surgir proyectos para investigar la invisibilidad de la materia, de inteligencia artificial, robótica muy avanzada (robots líquidos) o submarinos voladores entre otros.

Organización actual

La DARPA tiene ocho oficinas de programas, cuyos jefes reportan al director de la Agencia. Algunas de estas oficinas son: