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Estos diminutos objetos podrían ser más peligrosos de lo que se piensa

Una investigación con ratones reveló nueva evidencia acerca de los daños en la salud provocados por las nanopartículas de poliestireno.

Un estudio realizado en animales, recientemente presentando en una reunión anual de la Sociedad Estadounidense de Nutrición, advierte que el consumo de nanoplásticos podría causar alteraciones en el metabolismo de la glucosa, así como daños en el hígado.

Cuando los plásticos se descomponen, se generan microplásticos (menores de 5 milímetros) y nanoplásticos (menos de 100 nanómetros), los cuales pueden infiltrarse en la cadena alimentaria y acumularse en organismos y otros alimentos de consumo habitual.

Se considera que los nanoplásticos son más dañinos para los humanos que los microplásticos, puesto que, al ser tan pequeños, pueden introducirse hasta en las células humanas, el torrente sanguíneo y algunos órganos.

Más daños para la salud

En el nuevo estudio, un grupo de científicos de la Universidad de California en Davis istró diariamente 60 miligramos por kilo de peso corporal de nanopartículas de poliestireno a ratones macho de doce semanas de edad, con base en los niveles de exposición en humanos y en estudios previos en otros roedores. El poliestireno es empleado en envases de productos alimenticios.

Se observó que los ratones presentaron dificultades para metabolizar la glucosa de forma eficiente, además de niveles elevados de alanina aminotransferasa, un marcador relacionado con el daño hepático.

El experimento también reveló un aumento en la permeabilidad intestinal y niveles altos de endotoxinas, compuestos que pueden contribuir a problemas hepáticos. "Nuestros hallazgos justifican estudios adicionales para fundamentar las políticas en torno a los micro y nanoplásticos", indicó una de las autoras de la investigación, Amy Parkhurst.

La experta recalcó que esta "evidencia científica sólida" tiene una función importante para "la definición de las iniciativas de monitoreo y la orientación regulatoria". Los investigadores continuarán realizando más experimentos con modelos animales para conocer el impacto de los nanoplásticos en otros tejidos.

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