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Sonda espacial revela por primera vez el misterioso polo sur del Sol

Este logro tuvo lugar a mediados de marzo, después de que la sonda Solar Orbiter llevara a cabo cuatro sobrevuelos alrededor de Venus.

La sonda espacial Solar Orbiter obtuvo las primeras imágenes del polo sur del Sol, así como diversas observaciones que permitirán a los científicos obtener nuevos conocimientos sobre el comportamiento de nuestra estrella, informó este miércoles la Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA).

Fotografiar los polos solares es un proceso complejo, ya que es necesario que una nave espacial abandone el plano eclíptico, un disco plano alrededor del Sol en el que orbitan la mayoría de los objetos del sistema solar.

Sin embargo, Solar Orbiter consiguió inclinar gradualmente su órbita hasta alcanzar un ángulo lo suficientemente pronunciado, alrededor de 17 grados por debajo del ecuador solar, como para visualizar las regiones polares de nuestra estrella. Este logro tuvo lugar a mediados de marzo, luego de que la sonda realizara cuatro sobrevuelos alrededor de Venus.

Sami Solanki, físico solar del Instituto Max Planck (Alemania), declaró que Solar Orbiter "observó ambos polos, primero el polo sur y luego el polo norte". Además, agregó que se espera que el envío de los datos del polo norte a la Tierra tenga lugar "en las próximas semanas o meses".

Nuevas mediciones solares

La misión Ulysses de la NASA, que estuvo operativa entre 1990 y 2009, había sobrevolado antes los polos solares, aunque carecía de dispositivos para capturar fotografías. Ahora, la Solar Orbiter puede proporcionar datos visuales y mediciones gracias a sus avanzados instrumentos.

En esta ocasión, la nave espacial midió los campos magnéticos y la radiación de alta energía que emanan del polo sur. Los científicos explicaron que se descubrió que, el campo magnético en el polo sur es un "caos", puesto que tiene polaridad norte y sur.  

Esto parece ocurrir durante el máximo de actividad del ciclo solar, cuando el campo magnético está a punto de invertirse. Hamish Reid, del University Collage de Londres, detalló que se espera que el campo magnético tenga una polaridad más ordenada en los próximos años, una vez que el Sol alcance un mínimo de actividad. Esta información ayudará a conocer más acerca del ciclo solar.

Qué se espera a futuro

En 2027 y 2029, Solar Orbiter alcanzará inclinaciones aún mayores, primero de 24 grados y luego de 33 grados, cuando nuestra estrella experimente un período de menor actividad. Esto permitirá explorar ambas regiones polares.

Si te ha gustado, ¡compártelo con tus amigos!